Wozu brauchen wir Frameworks für Scrum im Großen wie #LeSS und #SAFe ?

Es gibt mittlerweile zwei Frameworks für Scrum im Großen:

Dean Leffingwell und seine Firma haben 2011 das recht ausführliche SAFe oder Scaled Agile Framework online gestellt und schieben nummerierte Updates nach. Es illustriert eine sehr elaborierte große agile Organisation.

Bas Vodde und Craig Larmann folgten 2014 mit LeSS oder Large Scale Scrum, welches auf ihren sehr hilfreichen Büchern von 2009 „ Scaling Lean und Agile Developement: Thinking and Organizational Tools for Large-Scale Scrum“ und 2010 „Practices for Scaling…“ basiert. Das ist ein sehr schlankes Framework, das die Bücher nicht ersetzt, sondern eher einen guten Einstieg in alle Themen bietet.

In den letzten Monaten werde ich immer häufiger gefragt, ob man ein solches Framework bei der Einführung von Scrum in großen Organisationen verwenden soll. Dahinter stehen Fragen wie ob es einfacher wird, kostengünstiger, man weniger lesen muss, oder gar ob man es fertig kaufen kann und nur noch ausrollen lassen muss.

Gerade der Ansatz von SAFe suggeriert dies: es ist bewährt, oft erfolgreich angewendet worden. Und das Ausrollen in einer beliebig großen oder komplexen Organisation erfolgt durch eine Serie von zertifizierten Trainings durch zertifizierte Trainer, die es praktischerweise in vielen Ländern gibt.
Drei Schritte: Training für die internen Coaches, Training für das Management, dann für die Teams – als komplette Release-Trains innerhalb von 5 Tagen. Und fertig? – Na ja, da braucht man für viele Situationen dann doch noch erfahrene externe Coaches, denn gelernt ist ja nicht wirklich gekonnt, und was man noch nicht selbst angewendet hat, kann man auch schlecht coachen.

Ich weiß noch, wie viel und wie lange wir diskutiert haben bei der Einführung von Scrum in unserer großen und verteilten Organisation. Dabei hatten wir viele Voraussetzungen schon im Laufe der Vorbereitungen geschaffen, z.B. Testautomatisierung für den bestehenden Code erhöht, häufigere Builds, und Informationen über vorhandene technische Schulden gesammelt und ins Backlog integriert. Aber schon allein die Tatsache, dass die Verteilung der Organisation über die verschiedenen Standorte ganz anderen Kriterien folgen musste als vorher, da wir ja gemischte Teams wollten, die ganze Features entwickeln und testen können, hat schon viel Kopfzerbrechen verursacht. Es sollten viele Leute in anderen Rollen arbeiten als zuvor. Einige Rollen hatten wir an bestimmten Orten zum ersten Mal. Wie viele Feature Areas sollten wir bilden, und wer war für welche Feature Area als Area Product Owner geeignet? Alle diese Dinge kann man entscheiden, wenn man sich schon eine Weile damit auseinander gesetzt hat und erfahrene Sparringspartner hat.

So ein Framework kann einem dabei helfen, alle Gebiete zu finden, über die man nachdenken muss. Es kann einem ein paar Lösungen zeigen, die sich schon bewährt haben – was natürlich wieder in bestimmten Organisationen mit bestimmten Kontexten und Randbedingungen war. Die Bücher von Vodde und Larman haben uns damals sehr geholfen, weil sie nicht als Bibel daher kamen, sondern mit Mustern, die man unter bestimmten Umständen sinnvoll anwenden kann, die aber unter anderen Umständen heftig scheitern können. Manchmal haben sie sogar empfohlen, Muster die sie zuvor als falsch und un-agil dargestellt hatten, in bestimmten vertrackten Situationen dennoch als Workaround einzusetzen.

Auch im Scaled Agile Framework haben wir einige interessante Lösungen gefunden, z.B. das Verhältnis zwischen Kundenfeatures und technischen Features und wer dafür sorgt, dass beide hoch genug priorisiert werden – siehe Program Backlog. Man muss eben nur auch hier alles als Anregung sehen, was in bestimmtne Kontexten funktionieren kann.

Meinen Erfahrungen entspricht, was im LeSS Framework zum Ausrollen gesagt wird: Eine agile Transition funktioniert weder nur top-down noch nur bottom-up, sondern es muss immer in beide Richtungen gehen. Lieber anfangs eine kleine Abteilung oder ein kleines Produktteam umstellen, und das richtig tief, dabei wirklich gut experimentieren und lernen – und dann in der größeren Organisation ausbreiten und mehr lernen. Viel mit Freiwilligen machen, so dass Selbstorganisation auch zum Ausrollen der Selbstorganisation verwendet wird!

Mit einem solchen Ansatz ist die Verwendung eines Frameworks für Scrum im Großen sinnvoll. Die eigentliche agile Transition bleibt dabei immer in den Händen der Organisation, die sie tun will, und die ja auch die Verantwortung für ihre wirtschaftlichen Ergebnisse, ihre Experimente und ihr Lernen hat. Die externen Coaches können nur unterstützen.

LeSS works

– Vor einigen Tagen haben sich übrigens ein paar Freiwillige aus verschiedenen Firmen zusammen gefunden, um das Large Scale Scrum Framework ins Deutsche zu übersetzen. Wer Interesse hat, dabei mit zu machen, kann gerne der Xing-Gruppe beitreten und mich kontaktieren! https://www.xing.com/communities/groups/large-scale-scrum-8e98-1052168

Scaling Agile with Frameworks – a SAFe path to LeSS work?

Ok, I admit right away that am just fooling around with the names of the two known large scale agile frameworks in the title – SAFe is the Scaled Agile Framework by Dean Leffingwell and company, and LeSS is Large Scale Scrum by Bas Vodde and Craig Larman.

The first book I read about scaling agile was from Dean Leffingwell, in 2007. I met Bas Vodde at my first Scrum Gathering in Stockholm 2008, and after I heard him talk about feature teams, I bought the book about scaling agile by him and Craig Larman as well, and of course we tried to apply much of that during our agile transition at Siemens Healthcare SYNGO. The book came very helpful since it clarified many of the questions behind the simple mechanics of agile, e.g. which effects queues have on you development organization, or how should the organization structure adapt to agile, and which other topics or areas beyond R&D are concerned.

In the last couple of months various people kept asking me about “Should we apply a large-scale framework to our agile transition?” – and asking back I get the underlying questions, of course, will we be faster, safer, cheaper, avoid start-up problems, will we have to read less stuff and discuss less if there are solutions available online and even people rolling out the one or the other framework licensed by the respective framework’s prophet(s)?

OK, let’s see if they themselves come with a warning message, like the drugs do in Germany, a little paper full of text that is in each box.

 

LeSS

„LeSS is not “new and improved Scrum.” Rather, it is regular Scrum, an empirical process framework in which you can inspect and adapt to any method and work in a group of any size. Large-scale Scrum is a set of additional rules and the set of tips that we have seen work in large multi-team, multisite, and offshore agile development initiatives. These tips are experiments to try in the context of the classic Scrum framework.“ (http://less.works/less/principles/large_scale_scrum_is_scrum.html)

 

SAFe

The Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) is a proven knowledge base for implementing agile practices at enterprise scale.” “We, the contributors, offer this web version to the market in the hope that it will help all software development practitioners and team – as well as their employers – enjoz the satisfaction that comes from delivering ever-higher quality software at ever-faster speed” (http://www.scaledagileframework.com/about/)

OK, sounds good, but how can people start using it?

Now I switch to the “Implementation” page of SAFe: (http://www.scaledagileframework.com/implementing/)

Implementation is done in three steps, which come with lots of training and certification with trained and certified SAFe trainers: step 1 Change Agents, step 2 Management & Executives, step 3 teams and agile release trains – challenging, in 5 days per train, 8-12 Scrum teams per release train. Maybe it is intended for different kinds of enterprises than those I know, which have a lot of legacy to reflect about: structures, processes, products, codebases… and include properly into their new setup, so that they can go on delivering something to their customers.

 

So what do the LeSS guys say about implementation?

“These principles are crucial to an organizational LeSS adoption:

  • deep and narrow over broad and shallow
  • top-down and bottom-up
  • use volunteering”

“Prefer applying LeSS in one product really well over applying LeSS in many groups poorly.

Focus LeSS adoption effort on one product group, give them all the support they need, and ensure they work really well. This minimizes risk and if you fail it triggers a focused learning opportunity. And when you succeed it creates a positive “word on the floor” that’s vital nourishment for further adoption.”

And so on. I could not have phrased it better.

It reminds me of what a manager from another big company reported last year: lean and agile transitions worked great in their organizations which had self-chosen to transition with a mixed bottom-up/top-down approach, and where there were convinced local coaches. It did not work at all in organizations that were made “lean” through a big top-down rollout.

Frankly, I cannot imagine that any internal coaches who have neither seen nor done any agile work themselves, in product development teams on the ground, can be of much use in a large-scale rollout. So you need to start small, experiment, learn your own lessons.

By the way: yes, the LeSS guys are also offering trainings and even certifications. I would recommend to send people there who are already such local agile practitioners and have either worked in an agile team themselves for at least one year, or have been active participants in a transition team at smaller scale for at least the same time, and take the course in order to know more and improve, or roll out to a larger part of their organizations.

Don’t get me wrong: I think the SAFe framework can also a great source of inspiration and hints for solutions for organizations going agile in small or large-scale. I remember that we had a problem with making the product owner team feel responsible for prioritizing technical debt and technical improvements high enough, and we found a good example in SAFe how this can be solved: by agreeing on a percentage of the organization’s velocity dedicated to technical improvements by mutual agreement between architects and product owners, and then prioritization of actual technical backlog items by the architects.

Then only thing that I am very convinced about is that you cannot buy a large-scale agile transition, you do have to do it yourselves.

Self-organizing companies start to shape the world differently

The book „Reinventing Organizations“ by Frederic Laloux is a very special kind of economy book: it talks about self-organization in modern companies. This is a very hip topic today and one of the mega trends of the current decade.

reinventingOrganizationsInterestingly the author gives first the sociological and historical context of mankind since Stone Age. He relates to each context the types of organizations that have been possible and that have mainly existed in this context: their basic assumptions about the world and about human beings, their ability to plan, to scale, to deal with complexity and to react to unexpected events. During all these ages, it was possible that organizations with totally different value systems and organization level co-exist and compete, and today they do as well. Now in the last couple of decades organizations emerge that are only possible because of the complex experience in the modern world, and that are able to self-organize on team level and organization level and evolve their own organization in very short cycles. He gives all these organizations roughly spectral colors to distinguish them.

In the context of companies, the following colors apply:

  • The amber organization is ordered hierarchically, and the hierarchy level of a person is already clear from the beginning. This is traditional school, army, church, and the start of industrialization.
  • In the orange organization, there is as well hierarchy, but a person can grow if he/she meets the goals that the company has set for him, and can earn more. These companies see mainly selfishness as driver for doing better and receiving a bonus. Both orange and amber companies have a “machine” model of the company.
  • The green organizations give everybody the same, rely on consensus, and want to do good things for the world. These are mainly social organizations, they can also be companies like the famous Berlin newspaper “taz”.Only good people can work in such organizations.

Now the new evolutionary-teal organizations have a fundamentally different view of the world and the human being: they trust in the common sense and the social sensitiveness of the individual, without postulating that everybody needs to be similar or even have similar needs and wishes. They trust people to collaborate across different goals and needs, and to bring all this into a common context that makes sense for all of them. They trust people to make different contributions and they trust the team to evaluate these. Human beings in a teal organization are trusted to be able to learn nearly without limits, going beyond job titles and role names in self-organizing cross-functional teams, learn about their customers and their needs, and improve the ability of their company to fulfill these needs. Seeing the company as a growing, living organism helps them to take much more good decisions than in the machine context.

This is no speculation – the author gives lots of examples from the work life of more than a dozen very different companies, here are four examples:

  • Buurtzong – a social company for elder care in the Netherlands with 7000 people
  • FAVI – a producer of special metal parts in France with 500 people
  • Morning Star – a food processing company from the US with 400-2400 people depending on the season
  • Sun Hydraulics – a global company for hydraulic components with 900 people

All these organizations, however different in location, purpose and size, have solved a couple of fundamental problems in similar ways.

  • Their basic structure is team oriented, with teams that are self-organizing and self-administering.
  • The teams care about hiring, pay and personal feedback
  • There are no middle managers, mainly there are only coaches, or they elect project managers for a certain project for a limited time
  • There is a high transparency of all information for everybody
  • Decision taking is not based on consensus, rather decisions can be driven by an individual after consulting, listening to and considering input from all relevant colleagues
  • A basic principle is trust instead of control – any adult can be trusted to take reasonable decisions
  • Most of the companies have an explicit value system that they have created with the members, and which new members will learn in trainings
  • Important training topics are communication, collaboration and handling conflict

In an earlier blog post I wrote about the Brazilian company Semco SA which started already beginning of the 1980 to transform into a self-organizing company. It does also a lot of things similarly. All of these companies are also very successful compared to competitors in their area, in growth, margin, and customer satisfaction. It also seems that they have a much higher ability to manage crisis and adapt to changing markets and situations than traditional hierarchical companies. So it can happen that these companies will be the most important actors in the 21st century’s markets. It would at least not be a surprise to me, because in the same way as the modern democracies are more able to sense things happening and react to them than it was the Soviet Union with their top-down 5-years-plans, a self-organized company relies on the senses, minds and hearts of many people, not of a few.

HenrikKniberg-CultureOverProcess-OrganicStructureStrangely, no software companies are mentioned in Frederic Laloux’ book. – Looking to the area of software development, the combination of self-organizing company culture with agile methods and lean startup principles seems to be the most successful in the last couple of years. In principle, lean startup and agile companies have the self-organizing company culture in their DNA. However, it can happen that it gets lost when the company grows, or the CEOs do not have a real good value system. An interesting case of a rapidly growing company with a genuine agile culture is Spotify – at least according to their agile coach Henrik Kniberg. In this presentation (video here, and the slides) he is talking about their agile company culture. There are many others said to fall into this category, like Google, Twitter, salesforce.com, Dropbox, Netflix, Streetspotr – at least all of them are using agile and lean startup methods from the beginning, yet it is not guaranteed that all these companies have also a self-organizing company culture in the organization above and around the teams. But there are much more of them than we know, and I am sure that soon there will be much more of these companies around, looking forward to it!

Demokratie im Unternehmen: Frederic Laloux‘ Buch „Reinventing Organizations“

Buch: "Reinventing Organizations"Frederic Laloux‘ Buch „Reinventing Organizations“ ist ein besonderes Wirtschaftsbuch: es handelt von Firmen in Selbstorganisation – das ist außerordentlich spannend und trifft einen Megatrend des aktuellen Jahrzehnts.

Frederic Laloux gibt erst mal den soziologisch-historischen Kontext der Menschheitsentwicklung seit der Steinzeit, und  ordnet in diesen die Organisationstypen ein, die in diesem Kontext jeweils möglich und auch vorherrschend waren. Dabei entwickelt er ein Farbspektrum für Organisationen, von Infrarot bis zu heutigen orangen, gelben und grünen Organisationen jeweils mit ihren Hauptmerkmalen: ihre Grundannahmen über die Welt, ihre Fähigkeiten, zu planen, mit Komplexität umzugehen, zu skalieren, und auf unerwartete Ereignisse zu reagieren. Organisationen mit völlig unterschiedlichen Wertsystemen koexistieren und konkurrieren. Heute – in den letzten paar Jahrzehnten kommen Organisationen ins Spiel, die vielleicht erst aufgrund der komplexen Erfahrungen von Menschen in der heutigen Welt möglich sind, und die die Fähigkeit haben, sich selbst zu steuern und in kurzen Iterationen weiter zu entwickeln.

Ich finde diese Sichtweise interessant, zumal er sie auch auf die menschliche Entwicklung anwendet:  Als Mensch kann man mit zunehmender Reifung seiner intellektuellen und sozialen Fähigkeiten von verschiedenen Farbstufen aus agieren. Das wird aber mit  beeinflusst von den Anregungen, die die Umgebung gibt, die Systeme, in denen die Menschen leben. Eine Schule, die im hierarchisch-gelben Muster erstarrt ist, wird also keine große Menge evolutionärer Kreativwesen hervorbringen – wenn nicht der Mensch solche Anregung in anderen Organisationen in seiner Umgebung findet.

Ist in der gelben Organisation alles bereits festgelegt durch die Stellung des Menschen in der Organisation (Schule, Kirche, Armee), so ist in der orangen Organisation alles abhängig von den Zielen, die man dem Mitarbeiter setzt und die er in egoistischer Weise zu erreichen versucht, um seinen Bonus zu verdienen (so die Konzern-Philosophie seit den 1990er Jahre).  Grüne Organisationen gibt es, wenn überhaupt, im non-profit Bereich, mit Konsensentscheidungen und Gleichlohnprinzip.

Die neuen, evolutionär-petrolfarbenen Organisationen gehen von einem fundamental anderen Weltbild und Menschenbild aus als ihre Vorläufer: Es gibt Vertrauen in den Gemeinsinn des Individuums, ohne dass alle gleich sein müssen, oder auch nur das gleiche wollen. Man traut den Menschen zu, unterschiedliche Ziele und Bedürfnisse in einen gemeinsamen Kontext zu bringen. Die Einzelnen dürfen unterschiedlich stark beitragen, und man traut ihnen sogar zu, diese unterschiedlichen Beiträge untereinander gerecht zu bewerten. Das Menschenbild dieser Organisationen geht nicht von einer inhärenten Begrenzung, sondern einer nahezu unbegrenzten Lernfähigkeit der Menschen aus. In der Selbstorganisation in bunt gemischten Teams liegt die Fähigkeit, sich leicht an die Notwendigkeiten der Kunden anzupassen, auszuprobieren, zu lernen, und mehr richtige Entscheidungen zu treffen als hierarchische Organisationen das können. Dabei wird die Firma nicht als Maschine mit festgelegten Prozessen gesehen, sondern als lebender Organismus.

Die Beispiele aus der Realität, die der Autor heranzieht, sind dabei erfrischend unterschiedlich, hier nur 4 von rund einem Dutzend:

  • Buurtzong – eine gemeinnützige Firma für häusliche Altenpflege in den Niederlanden (7000 Mitarbeiter/innen)
  • FAVI – ein Hersteller für Spezial-Metallteile in Frankreich (500 Mitarbeiter/innen)
  • Morning Star – ein Lebensmittelverarbeiter in den USA (400-2400 Mitarbeiter/innen)
  • Sun Hydraulics – eine globale Firma für hydraulische Komponenten global (900 Mitarbeiter/innen)

Diese Organisationen, so unterschiedlich ihr Arbeitsgebiet und ihr Markt sein mögen, haben viele wichtige Probleme und Fragen ähnlich gelöst.

  • Die Grundstruktur besteht aus übersichtlichen Teams, die sich selbst verwalten und organisieren.
  • Die Teams kümmern sich um Einstellungen, Gehaltshöhe, und Beurteilung / Feedback
  • Es gibt kein mittleres Management, sondern in der Regel nur Coaches, oder aber auf Zeit oder für ein bestimmtes Projekt gewählte Führungskräfte.
  • Es gibt eine hohe Transparenz bei allen wichtigen Informationen
  • Entscheidungsprozesse sind radikal vereinfacht. Es besteht die Möglichkeit für Mitarbeiter/innen, Entscheidungen nach einem Konsultationsprozess direkt zu treffen
  • Ein Grundprinzip ist Vertrauen statt Kontrolle nach dem Motto „Wir sind alle erwachsen“.
  • Die Betriebe haben meist auch einen expliziten Wertekodex, den sie mit den Mitarbeiter/innen erarbeitet haben und den sie neuen Mitarbeiter/innen vermitteln
  • Umgang miteinander und Konfliktlösung sind wichtige Trainingsthemen

In einem früheren Blogeintrag habe ich die brasilianische Firma Semco SA besprochen, die sich bereits seit den frühen 1980er Jahren  in Brasilien in eine selbstorganisierende Firma umgewandelt hat. Sie ist den beschriebenen Fällen sehr ähnlich. Faszinierend finde ich an den Beispielen, dass Selbstorganisation nur Vorteile zu haben scheint: Die Ergebnisse liegen alle weit über dem jeweiligen Branchen-Durchschnitt in Rentabilität und Kundenzufriedenheit. Es gibt meist eine sehr niedrige Fluktuation der Mitarbeiter/innen gepaart mit hoher Zufriedenheit und Motivation. Es gelingt diesen Firmen außerordentlich gut, plötzlich auftretende Probleme zu lösen, wie auch sich an Krisen und veränderte Marktgegebenheiten anzupassen.

Wenn man bedenkt, dass es in vielen Beispielen, wo langjährig erfolgreiche Firmen plötzlich vom Markt verschwinden, daran liegt, dass das Management nicht in der Lage ist, wirklich gute Entscheidungen zu treffen die die Situation fundamental ändern, während in der Belegschaft oft schon lange warnende Stimmen zu hören waren, dann kann es gut sein, dass die selbstorganisierende Firma zur vorherrschenden Gruppe im 21. Jahrhundert werden wird. Auf jeden Fall zur interessantesten.

Werfen wir abschließend einen Blick auf „agile“ Firmen, die Softwareprodukte entwickeln, so ist unter den in den letzten Jahren gewachsenen, erfolgreichen Firmen auch so manche zu finden, die ähnliche Konzepte wie die in dem Buch beschriebenen verfolgt. Demokratische Strukturen in der ganzen Firma harmonisieren nun mal viel besser mit agiler Entwicklung als eine „Command-and-Control“-Hierarchie. Z.B. habe ich in letzter Zeit die Beiträge von Henrik Kniberg, agiler Coach bei Spotify, angeschaut, z.B. seinen Vortrag Culture Over Process“ (agile66, Bangkok, 2013) – Hier ein Video und die Folien dazu. Bei dieser Firma sind trotz rasanten Wachstums auf über 300 Entwickler demokratische Strukturen, selbst organisierende Teams, Coaches, und eine agile Kultur in der DNA enthalten. Hier sieht man auch deutlich, dass agile Praktiken sich viel schneller und nachhaltiger entwickeln, wenn die Organisation drumherum nicht hierarchisch ist, und Entscheidungen wirklich auf der niedrigst möglichen Ebene getroffen werden. Von solchen Firmen mit agiler Kultur werden wir noch viel hören!

The hardest job in a lean/agile transition is with the managers

When you are doing a lean/agile transition in a traditional organization, definitely the hardest job is related to the management.
I already highlighted the role and responsibility of executives in a lean/agile transition in another post two years ago. The people on the working level get into their new roles and practices. They are constantly doing retrospectives and improving their work, and even driving improvement through the organization. They experiment, get feedback and learn from it.

Now what will the middle managers do when they are not frequently needed for fire fighting in the projects? How are they going to practice new skills and habits that they need in the new agile world? And how much of the newly created trust and self-organization can a manager destroy with some harsh enquiry to a team?

At the beginning, many of the managers are obviously more or less engaged in the transition itself. Managers will also sit together and find out how they can coach teams, how they can help people to grow, and how they should do now hiring, performance evaluation, and distribute salary increases and bonuses under agile circumstances.

However, also during the transition it is easy to stay in a command-and-control mode or at least frequently fall back into it. After that, it is getting worse. Managers are moving around in organizations, some leave the place, others join. These others may be joining the company or department for totally different reasons than wanting to be a servant leader, a coach for growing people. Maybe they just want to work in this area. Period.

Now we need practices by which the managers stay constantly engaged with lean and agile ideas.

Act-Your-Way_into_new-Thinking-640

One of these topics is Continuous Improvement. It is one of the two pillars of Lean. Hakan Forss explains this is his Toyota Kata presentation – see slides or video.It starts with a common vision for the process of the organization that can probably never reached, and realistic but challenging goals on their way there. Then a team or several teams are improving by experimenting with small changes towards a next target condition, in turn with measuring the results. A lot of learning is involved in this, for the participants as well as for the organization.

Managers can be part of a team for changing things, especially above the level of a single agile team, for solving organizational problems, problems with processes and tools – always following a common vision with the teams, of course. Or they can also train to be a coach for doing this change. Of course, they have to take care like any other coach, that they have practiced the improvement kata themselves often enough, probably with an external coach, before they try to coach someone else.

Managers need to study and practice lean values and practices that they apply to their work with the teams. This can happen in self-study groups with the other managers, and everybody applies it individually. The challenge is always how they are getting feedback to their behaviour.  A good starting point may be the book Management 3.0. by Jurgen Appelo, that give some backgrounds on how a team behaves as an adaptive complex system, and how to grow a team, how to stop demotivating it, and how the boundaries influence the behaviour. His new Management 3.0. Workout book has a lot of tools that managers can apply, from the kudo box to the delegation board, ready to use or to adapt to their organization. By using these tools they slightly change the way how they are treating teams and individuals, expression more respect for people, which happens to be the other pillar of Lean.

Apart from using lean and agile practices in their own work, managers should also do the famous „Gemba walks„. This means going to the people who are actually working, and listening to them, e.g. during their daily standup meetings. The main challenge here is to do it without disrupting or frustrating the teams, e.g. by listening to two sentences and then throwing in an „easy solution“ to a problem without having enough knowledge for really helping them. Instead, only when the team seems to be clueless they can ask a couple of good questions for enabling them to find a solution themselves.

I am curious to learn in which other ways companies get their managers into „lean mode“ and keep them actively thinking lean and practicing lean.

Agile India 2014 Conference – large scale distributed agile development

AgileIndia2014_LogoBig
For 10 years, the Agile Software Community of India has been holding this conference now, with ever growing numbers and great names from everywhere. With more than 1200 participants, more than 250 of these from other countries than India, extending from Norway to New Zealand, from Indonesia to Ukraine, and more than 300 women, Agile India 2014 was a huge and really diverse agile conference.
 In the previous years, I had already received positive impressions from the colleagues in Bangalore. This year I had the pleasure of participating for the first time myself, presenting the story of our Distributed Product Owner Team for an Agile Medical Development. The process of selection of topics and feedback was very well prepared and community based. While everybody could see the proposals, ask questions and comment on them, the members of the program committee took care that this would happen consistently, and did a lot of it themselves as well. For the topics selected by them, also an extended paper was necessary with a case study, which also underwent a feedback and approval process, in my case by Ravi Kumar and Pramod Sadalage .
During my presentation

During my presentation

Fortunately, I had work to do in India as well – start up trainings for a few new Scrum teams at our company – so I already had the justification for going. On the other hand, I had enough work to do so that I could not consider going to the other conference days, apart from the one I was speaking at. So I can only talk about the Offshore Distributed Agile track.

Todd Little presenting

Todd Little presenting

I enjoyed Todd Little’s keynote in the morning very much. One of the key messages that resonated most in me was „We need to treat remote teams not as coding monkeys but empowered Ewok.“ I hope as software specialist, you are familiar with the Star Wars universe and do not need to look them up in Jedipedia.Todd said exactly what we are trying to do in our big, distributed product development, and my mission to Bangalore was part of it: make the remote teams self-organizing, trusted members of our diverse product development universe. Only that in Todd’s presentation, it turned out that he only needed to add a few software developers with a domain specialist in Romania and a small test automation specialists’ team in Vietnam to his original group in the US – and they were already very successful. So: adding the right people for a good reason, valuing the individuals over corporate strategic outsourcing strategies.

The other talk I remember well was from Rajkumar Anantharaman from Intel, who stated „If you want to go lean and agile, first you need to get rid of Excel and PowerPoint“. This was of course not aimed at a nice PowerPoint by the Product Owner showing some functionality the users ask for, but at getting rid of the additional reporting needs that keep teams busy with overhead.
The venue was a bit resisting the actual number of people participating, it is certainly difficult to predict, but maybe another year they will be better off in a congress center. A difference with the European agile conferences I have been attending like ALE or XP was certainly that there were much more business-people than agile coaches hugging each others. Maybe even most agile coaches look like business people in Asia. In all cases it is very important going to India and seeing what is going on there, noticing how people discuss, what they hold as granted in agile, and what they have still doubts about.
At the panel discussion with Doc Norton (groupon) and Chad Wathington, ThoughtWorks Studios

Participation in the panel discussion with Doc Norton (groupon) and Chad Wathington, ThoughtWorks Studios

More or less, the other speakers confirmed what I have learned from our own experience: there is not the question whether or not agile is going to work with distributed organizations and teams in India, but how to make it work. You can do a pretty lot of things right or wrong, and even terribly wrong, but you can just as well be successful if you are doing many things right.  At the end of the track, there was a quite interesting panel discussion facilitated by Naresh Jain: Offshore Agile…An Oxymoron? There were a lot of interesting topics discussed. Where I could definitely contribute was when someone asked the panel whether they could just take a framework like SAFE and apply it to a big distributed product development organization to make it agile. According to my experience, though such frameworks can help, every organization has their own challenges, their constraints, and their organizational culture. Whatever lean-agile framework they will build, they need to build it on their own – but of course, taking as input the experiences of others, and agile frameworks as well as wonderful books like Bas Vodde’s and Craig Larman’s „Scaling lean and agile development“.
Photos used by courtesy of  Agile India (c)

Large Scale Agile at XP2013 Vienna – exchanging knowledge at a great conference!

From my perspective, the 14th International Conference on Agile Software Development XP2013 in Vienna was a great success. It took me to another level of confidence about what is needed to create and sustain a large scale agile organization.

The XP conferences are traditionally about programming and testing in an agile – XP – way, and organizing the team so that it supports XP practices. But they have grown into a conference that also covers  product ownership and design, leading agile teams and organizations, and even extending agile to the rest of the organization – this is agile real life in the industry.  What I like very much at XP conferences in general is the good mixture of experienced agile people from industry, some very well known consultants, and a lot of academic researchers who also are working close to industry about agile topics.

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(Photo: Hubert Baumeister)

On the first day I got absorbed by the Executives & Managers Track with firsthand experience from four different companies: ABB, Ericsson, Johnson Controls and Nokia. Most valuable! The managers were speaking openly about what it takes to get agile, how their company transformation programs took one step after the other to establish agile on all levels. And this is still an unfinished journey, but it has a clear north. An important point from the talk of Hendrik Esser, who is Head of Portfolio and Technology Management at Ericsson, is

To embrace change, you have to change 3 things together
· Culture
· Practices and process
· Structure

You should never see agile as a process only, this will inevitably lead to failure. The most important cultural foundation for the agile transformation is building trust, and on top of the trust you can build transparency.

These three important transformations were mentioned by Per Branger from ABB in Sweden, but are basically identical to what Ericsson is doing:
· Continuous Portfolio Management
· Continuous Release Management
· Continuous Development

When they noticed at ABB that they are really a big software developing company, coming from a background of electrical engineering, they launched a massive knowledge and skills improvement program. The remarkable thing is that they measure progress by self-assessment of every developer against description of expected skills, and that the training comes in small portions and by self-assignment as well. Wiki based knowledge bases and Q&A tools that remind a bit of the famous stackoverflow website support the learning as well.  “Carrots, no sticks” opens also the path to using common tools.

Gregory Yon is Agile Coach at Johnson Controls and talked about how he is extending agile into the rest of the organization, to the non-development teams as well as convincing different levels of management from the agile values and needs. From him as well as from the other managers I learned that we can never communicate too much to higher management about the advantages of agile, and that we need  to measure things and compare with previous projects to show how we have advanced since the old times of waterfall.

Jorgen Hesselberg, Senior Manager, Enterprise Agile Transformation, Nokia (Chicago US) explained how they are using on all levels Agile Working Groups, mixed from management and project roles, to start and sustain agile transitions at each Business Unit, and keep them up and to extend agile to the whole company. The positive results of agile on the results as well as on the employee motivation are impressive.

My own presentation on our Distributed Product Owner Team for an Agile Medical Development was on the second day, and I loved the discussion with a couple of other speakers and participants about the needed knowledge and skills for this role, and the needs for communication in the PO team and with teams and customers. I have also learned that there is actually an open group of experts from industry and research with the goal to foster software product management excellence across industries, the International Software Product Management Association (ISPMA) , who are interested in collecting such practical experience, and are creating resources for professional software product management training.

At the academic track, I found a couple of presentations on the last day very interesting: A research paper by Jeanette Heidenberg, Max Weijola, Kirsi Mikkonen, and Ivan Porres – A Metrics Model to Measure the Impact of an Agile Transformation in Large Software Development Organizations asks whether an agile transformation was worth the effort. For this, they were looking for metrics that support agile values, focus on the whole organization, not individual or teams, and are applicable to both waterfall and agile projects. Also they should be feasible to collect for past and ongoing projects, in any size of project, and be objective and clear. They did an iterative approach with first formulating the goal, then ask practitioners for metrics used, compare them against their values and goals, and finally select a collection of metrics. They have some really helpful metrics that we can apply to learn how much we have already improved through agile, at least in some aspects.

The paper Continuous Release Planning in a Large-Scale Scrum Development Organization at Ericsson by Ville Heikkilä, Maria Paasivaara, Casper Lassenius, and Christian Engblom was complementing very well with the talk of Hendrik Esser, as they are exactly describing how the release planning for individual features works, and which experiences people at Ericsson had with this method.

Of course there were also great keynote speakers at XP2013 in Vienna, a helpful Open Space, a wonderful conference reception, and great conversations in the breaks.

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As always, thank you very much for the photos, Hubert Baumeister.

The next XP conference will take place in May 2014 in Rome, which is also a nice place to go to.  I will convince some of our colleagues and managers of submitting a talk and participating – we have a lot of experience we can share!

Best Regards
Andrea

Slides for ScanDev 2013 DONE: distributed product owner team – strategies

One week to go for this year’s ScanDev conference in Gothenburg, and slides are done.

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Topics covered are mainly:
Strategies for growing a distributed product owner team, when the problem space is very different from the normal experience world of a software developer. Strategies for communication and customer collaboration in the distributed setup.

For preparation, I made a lot of personal interviews with product owners on different hierarchy levels and multiple sites. I learned a lot about the reality behind our official agile framework, and how much the real success depends on people and their skills and goals.

To convert my knowledge into an interesting presentation I used a marvellous book, a classic: Presenting to Win: The Art of Telling Your Story by Jerry Weissman. What is very helpful in this book is that he tells you a lot of stories to make sure you know what you want to tell, to whom, and how you will bring this across to your audience. So I started to create my presentation on a lonely day at home, using hundreds of sticky notes on my personal whiteboard, instead of bothering with Outlook templates or -beware!- assistants. Then I selected a structure for the slides that would allow me to tell my story, and then I created each single slide on a sheet of paper, put them into the structure, re-ordered and finally bright them to the office.

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There, of course, I had to take a corporate template, and also picked a lot of photos, that would this time nicely fit with the topic. As structure I had selected a pyramid. I created it with corporate colors, and let it build up throughout the slides.

At the beginning of this week, it was finished, and I submitted it for review and release. And -wow! -I got it released after considering a few remarks, in less than two days. I can say, the release process got much more agile since I first used it for an external presentation four years ago, when it still took me four weeks, but obviously as well my own professionalism in creating publications has increased a lot since then.

Speaking at ScanDev 2013 about our Distributed Product Owner Team @ Syngo.via

I am speaking at SCANDEV 2013

This week I received the news that my new talk has been accepted for SCANDEV 2013 on March 4th to 5th in Göteborg, Sweden. The title is „Distributed Product Owner Team @ Syngo.via“

What is it all about?

We are developing medical imaging and workflow software in an agile way with development teams distributed to several countries. One of the major challenges is how to set up and communicate within the Product Owner team.

  • There we have to deal with the distribution, e.g., have the Product Owner either onsite with her peers or with her Scrum team, travelling, or with proxy.
  • We need people who are good in two different fields of knowledge: medical and software development.
  • As a third issues, the environment of the customers may be different in different countries.
We have ramped up local Product Owners in different countries, have found local collaboration customers, and have developed  a set of communication channels and workshops how to synchronize Product Owners in the team, share a common vision and backlog with their Scrum teams, and collaborate with customers locally and globally.
While I am putting my presentation together, I would be interested very much in what my customers want to know about. You can ask me questions, and whatever is feasible I will include into my talk. So Product Ownership is being directly applied.

A great audiovisual 15 min training on Product Ownership

Yesterday a friend sent me the link to a great audiovisual mini-training on Product Ownership, that Henrik Kniberg just published on the CRISP blog http://blog.crisp.se/2012/10/25/henrikkniberg/agile-product-ownership-in-a-nutshell.

It is amazing. It does not only explain important aspects of the Product Owner role is an easy to understand way, but also visualizes central aspects of agile software development like fast feedback, velocity, and release forecast. And all of this in only 15 min!

The technique used reminds me of the famous „RSA Animate“ 10 min science videos. One of the most remarkable maybe the one explaining Dan Pink’s research about what motivates us. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc

Well done, Henrik!

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